Provides an overview of the main concepts in structural reliability assessment
Illustrates applications and potential of simulation based concepts with clear and well-chosen examples
Explores the use of simulation-based reliability assessments and compares with other concepts such as Partial Factors Design
Includes "user friendly" programs and concepts, easy to understand, learn and apply
Description
Simulation-Based Reliability Assessment for Structural Engineers provides an overview of the basic concepts in structural reliability and introduces an alternative based on direct Monte Carlo simulation techniques, on parameters-generated histograms, and on available personal computers. This approach is a powerful tool that allows (in accordance with the Limit States Design philosophy) one to explore the effect of variables and uncertainty on design decisions.
This new book also discusses single- and multi-component load effects and explores combinations of such effects. Limiting values are defined and applied to reliability assessments with respect to carrying capacity and serviceability states. Examples that clearly illustrate the application of simulation techniques are provided, and the tremendous potential of these techniques for use in design is reviewed. Also included are carefully-selected examples that allow the reader to compare the deterministic Allowable Stress Design (ASD), the semi-probabilistic Partial Factors Design (LRFD), and the probabilistic Simulation-Based Reliability Assessment (SBRA) concept.
Simulation-Based Reliability Assessment for Structural Engineers includes a computer diskette that contains five user-friendly computer programs (M-Star, AntHill, ResCom, LoadCom, and DamAc) capable of calculating load effect combinations, resistance of structural components, and probability of failure. The use of these programs is demonstrated in two hundred well-designed and realistic examples that clearly identify the range of problems to which simulation-based reliability assessments can be applied.
Content
Preface
Chapter 1: Limit States Method
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Reliability Assessment Process
1.3 Carryying Capacity Reliability Conditions
1.4 Serviceability Reliability Conditions
1.5 Relibility Assessment Scheme
1.5.1 ing Capacity Reliability Conditions
1.5 Reliability Assessment Scheme
1.5.1 The Reliability Function
1.5.2 Formal Expression of Reliability Conditions
EXAMPLE 1 Introduction to Simulation Computer Programs
Chapter 2: Variables and the Monte Carlo Method
2.1 Random Variables
2.2 Bounded Histograms
2.3 Monte Carlo Simulation
2.3.1 Overview of the Monte Carlo Method
2.3.2 Random Number Generators
2.4 Single- and Multi-Component Variables
2.4.1 Single-Component Variables
2.4.2 Two-Component Variables
2.5 Dependence of Variables
2.6 Computer Programs For Reliability Assessment
EXAMPLE 2.1 Monte Carlo Simulation — How It Works
EXAMPLE 2.2 Single-Component Variable Analysis
EXAMPLE 2.3 Two- Loading
Chapter 3: Loading
3.1 Basic Terms and Definitions
3.1.1 Introduction
3.1.2 Loading as a Random Variable
3.1.3 Properties of Loading and Load Hisory
3.1.4 Conditional Relations
3.1.5 Simultaneity of Loads
3.1.6 Supplementary Classifications and Comments
3.2 Characteristic Values of Actions
3.3 Design Values of Actions
3.3.1 Partial Factors Design
3.3.2 Simulation-Based Reliability Assessment
EXAMPLE 3 Loads - Selected Histograms and Duration Curves
Chapter 4: Transformation Models
4.1 From Loading to Load Effects
4.2 Static and/or Dynamic Models
4.2.1 General Review of Models
4.2.2 Static Models
4.2.3 Dynamic Models
4.2.4 Quasi-Dynamic Models
4.2.5 Use of a Dynamic or Static Model
4.3 Complex Models
4.3.1 More on Elastic and Elasto-Plastic Models
4.3.2 Selected Examples of Models
4.3.3 Note
EXAMPLE 4.1 Stresses in a Built-Up Steel Member
EXAMPLE 4.2 Plastic Deformation of a Bar
EXAMPLE 4.3 Column Buckling
EXAMPLE 4.4 Natural Frequency of a Floor Beam
EXAMPLE 4.5 Dynamic Model — Impact
Chapter 5: Response of the Structure to the Loading
5.1 Load Effects
5.1.1 Introduction
5.1.2 Static and Dynamic Response
5.1.3 Elastic and Elasto-Plastic Response
5.1.4 Response Corresponding to 1st Order and 2nd OrderAnalysis
5.1.5 Combination of Different Kinds of Responses
5.2 Single-Component Variable Response
5.2.1 Static + Elastic + 1st Order Analysis
5.2.2 Static + Elastic + 2nd Order Analysis
5.2.3 Static + Elasto-Plastic + 1st Order Analysis
5.2.4 Static + Elasto-Plastic + 2nd Order Analysis
5.2.6 General Cases
5.3 Multi-Component Variable Response
5.3.1 Static + Elastic + 1st Order Analysis
5.3.2 Static + Elasto-Plastic + 1st Order Analysis
5.4 Response History
5.4.1 Strength, Stability Strength, and Stability of Position
5.4.2 Accumulation of Damage
5.4.3 Creep and Other Rheological Effects
5.4.4 Serviceability
5.5 "Feedback-Loop" Response Evaluation
EXAMPLE 5.1 Analysis of Single-Component Load-Effect Combinations
EXAMPLE 5.2 Maximum Stresses in a Column
EXAMPLE 5.3 Response of an Axially Loaded Bar Made of a Nonlinear Material
EXAMPLE 5.4 Natural Frequency of a Floor Beam
EXAMPLE 5.5 Impact
EXAMPLE 5.6 Displacement of Two Steel Bars in the Elasto-Plastic Range
EXAMPLE 5.7 Two-Component Response of a Structureto Loading
EXAMPLE 5.8 Two-Componente of an Elasto-Plastic Steel Section
EXAMPLE 5.9 Elasto-Plastic Response History
EXAMPLE 5.10 Dependent Load proach
Chapter 6: Limiting Values
6.1 Significance and Definition of Limiting Values
6.2 Resistance
6.2.1 Elementary Limiting Values
6.2.2 Compound Limiting Values
6.3 Serviceability
6.3.1 General Note
6.3.2 Human Come Elasto-Plastic Deflection ofa Beam
6.3.3 Performance Requirements
6.3.4 Prevention of Damage of Nonstructural Components
6.4 Special Considerations Related to Limiting Values
EXAMPLE 6.1 Yield Stress Variation
EXAMPLE 6.2 Tensile Strength of Steel
EXAMPLE 6.3 Resistance of an Axially Loaded Steel Member
EXAMPLE 6.4 Elastic Bending Resistance of a Steel W21x44Section
EXAMPLE 6.5 Fully Plastic Bending Resistance of a Steel W21x44 Section
EXAMPLE 6.6 Limiting Value Expressed by Elasto-Plastic Deformation of a Steel Beam
Chapter 7: Reliability Assessment
7.1 Definitions
7.1.1 Limit States and Reliability Assessment
7.1.2 Probability-Based Reliability Assessment
7.2 Assessment Formats
7.2.1 Over-Load Approac
7.2.2 Accumulation of Damage Approach
7.3 Which Reliability Condition Controls Design?
7.4 Carrying Capacity Reliability Assessment
7.4.1 Application of the Over-Load Approach
7.4.2 Applications of the Accumulatioio of
7.5 Serviceability Reliability Assessment
7.5.1 Conventional Approach
7.5.2 Blurred Approach
7.6 Special Considerations
EXAMPLE 7.1 Comparison of Reliability Functions ln(R/Q) and (R–Q)
EXAMPLE 7.2 Sharp Separation of Safe and Failure Regions - Strength
EXAMPLE 7.3 Blurred Separation of Safe and Failure Regions - Strength
EXAMPLE 7.4 Sharp Separation of Safe and Failure Regions - Fatigue
EXAMPLE 7.5 Blurred Separation of Safe and Failure Region
EXAMPLE 7.6 Sharp Definition of Serviceability Limits
EXAMPLE 7.7 Blurred Definition of Serviceability Limits
Chapter 8: Carrying Capacity
8.1 Over-load and/or Accumulation of Damage Reigue Crack Propagation
8.2 Simple Strength and Stability Strength
8.2.1 Limits of Elasto-Plastic Deformation
8.2.2 Approach “FrApproach“From Above”
8.2.3 Limiting Values
8.2.4 Examples
8.2.4.1 Strength
8.2.4.2 Stability Strength
8.3 Fracture
8.4 Accumulation of Damage
8.4.1 Fatigue
8.4.2 Shake-Down
8.5 Special Reliability Conditions and Combinations of Reliability Conditions
8.5.1 Stability of Position
8.5.2 Combination of Carrying Capacity Reliability Conditions
8.6 Systems
EXAMPLE 8.1 Elasto-Plastic Deflection of a Steel Beam
EXAMPLE 8.2 Plastic Component of the Deflection of a Steel Beam
EXAMPLE 8.3 Strength Safety Assessment Based on Elasto-Plastic Limiting Value
EXAMPLE 8.4 Strength Safety Assessment Based on a Blurred Elasto-Plastic Limiting Value
EXAMPLE 8.5 Strength of a Steel Bar Exposed to Impact
EXAMPLE 8.6 Safety Assessment of a Concrete Beam
EXAMPLE 8.7 Column Strength Assessment
EXAMPLE 8.8 Brittle Fracture
EXAMPLE 8.9 Crack Propagation
EXAMPLE 8.10 Column Footing
EXAMPLE 8.11 Safety Assessment of a Wood Beam
EXAMPLE 8.12 Stability of Posin of DamageApproach
EXAMPLE 8.13 System Safety
Chapter 9: Serviceability Reliability Conditions
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Load Effects and Serviceability Criteria
9.2.1 Load Effect Characteristics
9.2.2 Serviceability Requirements
9.3 Review of Typical Situations
EXAMPLE 9.1 Sharp and Blurred Definition of the Serviceability Limit Applied to the Elastic Deflection of a Beam
EXAMPLE 9.2 Sharp and Blurred Definition of the Serviceability Limiting Values Applied to the Elasto-plastic Deflection of a Beam
EXAMPLE 9.3 Natural Frequency and Forcing Frequency of a Floor Beam
Chapter 10: Selected f Simulation Based Analysis
10.1 Stresses in a Frame
10.2 Built-up Steel Bar Exposed to Tension
10.Examples of Simulation-Based Analysis
10.1 Stresses in a Frame
10.2 Built-Up Steel Bar Exposed to Tension
10.3 Column Resistance and Safety
10.4 Damped Vibration of a Beam
10.5 Steel Shape Exposed to Three-Component Load Effect
10.6 Assessment of Remaining Fatigue Life
10.6.1 High Cycle Fatigue
10.6.2 Low Cycle Fatigue
10.6.3 Fatigue Crack Propagation
10.7 Wood Structures — Probability Considerations
10.7.1 Load Duration Vs. Strength of Wood
10.7.2 Design Procedure Based on Assessment of the Accumulation of Damage
10.7.3 "Strength" or "Accumulation of Damage" Criterion?
10.8 Principal Stress Due to Three-Component Variable Load Effect
EXAMPLE 10.1 Load Effect Combinations: Stresses in a Frame
EXAMPLE 10.2 Resistance and Safety of an Axially Loaded Built-Up Steel Bar
EXAMPLE 10.3 Column Buckling - Case Study
EXAMPLE 10.4 Damped Forced Vibration of a Beam
EXAMPLE 10.5 Beam-Column Exposed to Biaxial Bending and to Axial Force
EXAMPLE 10.6 Remaining Fatigue Life
EXAMPLE 10.7 Carrying Capacity of Wood Component Considering Duration of Load Effect Combinations
EXAMPLE 10.8 Application of Simulation to a Three-Component Variable: Principal Stress
Chapter 11: Special Considerations
11.1 Fire
11.2 Human Error
11.3 Expert Opinion
EXAMPLE 11.1 Structural Component Exposed to Fire
EXAMPLE 11.2 Human Error and Safety of a StructuralComponent
Chapter 12: Deterministic Vs. Semiprobabilistic Vs. Probaailistic vs. Probabilistic Concept
12.1 Single-Component Load Effect Combinations — A Parametric Study
12.2 Industrial Building: Axial Force in a Structural Component
12.3 Two-Component Load Effect Combinations
12.4 Target Values of the Index of Reliability
12.5 Safety of a Steel Bar Exposed to Variable Tensile Force
12.5.1 Parametric Study
12.5.2 Hybrid Approach to Safety Assessment
12.6 Combinations of Dead Load and Live Load: Comparison of Different Design Approaches
12.7 Three-Component Load Effect: Evaluation of the Interaction Formula
12.7.1 Resistance and Safety of a Beam-Column CrossSection
12.7.2 Solution According1 Resistance and Safety of a Beam-Column Cross Section
12.7.2 Solution According to LRFD Specifications
12.7.3 Simulation-Based Approach
12.7.4 Concluding Remarks
12.8 Safety of a Wood Component Considering Load Duration
12.9 Steel Component Exposed to Fire
EXAMPLE 12.1 Load Effect Combinations: Single-Component Variable
EXAMPLE 12.2 Steel Industrial Building
EXAMPLE 12.3 Load Effect Combinations: Two-ComponentVariable
EXAMPLE 12.4 Target Values of the Index of Reliability
EXAMPLE 12.5 Dimensioning of a Steel Bar According to Selecand Probability of Failure
EXAMPLE 12.6 Dead and Live Load Effects Combination:Comparison
EXAMPLE 12.7 Evaluation of the Interaction Equation
EXAMPLE 12.8 Accumulation of Damage - Wood Component
EXAMPLE 12.9 Steel Structures Exposed to Fire: Comparison of LRFD and Simulation-Based Reliability Assessment
